Challenges and opportunities in network-based solutions for biological questions

Network biology is useful for modeling complex biological phenomena; it has attracted attention with the advent of novel graph-based machine learning methods. However, biological applications of network methods often suffer from inadequate follow-up. In this perspective, we discuss obstacles for contemporary network approaches-particularly focusing on challenges representing biological concepts, applying machine learning methods, and interpreting and validating computational findings about biology-in an effort to catalyze actionable biological discovery.