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Audiological involvement in patients with systemic sclerosis.

Kubra Turan1, Mucteba Enes Yayla2, Murat Arslan3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.

Modern Rheumatology
|December 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients have a significantly higher incidence of hearing loss compared to healthy individuals. This suggests cochlear involvement is a common complication in SSc.

Keywords:
Audiometryearhearing lossotoacoustic emissionsystemic sclerosis

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Rheumatology
  • Audiology

Background:

  • Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by widespread vascular dysfunction, fibrosis, and immune system dysregulation.
  • While SSc commonly affects multiple organs, the impact on auditory function is less understood.
  • Understanding hearing loss in SSc is crucial for comprehensive patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the prevalence of hearing loss in patients diagnosed with systemic sclerosis (SSc).
  • To investigate the relationship between hearing loss and SSc subtypes, disease duration, clinical manifestations, and antibody positivity.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 47 SSc patients and 44 healthy controls underwent audiometric, tympanometric, and otoacoustic emission testing.
  • Otoacoustic emissions measure the function of the outer hair cells in the cochlea.

Main Results:

  • Hearing loss was detected in 23.4% of SSc patients, significantly higher than the 4.3% in controls (p=0.001).
  • SSc patients exhibited significantly lower transient-evoked otoacoustic emission amplitudes in both ears compared to controls (p<0.005).
  • Patients with SSc and sensorineural hearing loss had longer disease duration and higher diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide values.

Conclusions:

  • The incidence of hearing loss is significantly elevated in individuals with systemic sclerosis.
  • Cochlear involvement, manifesting as hearing loss, is a notable complication in SSc patients, alongside other organ system damage.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms and clinical implications of hearing loss in SSc.