Compact polarization-resolved common-path digital holography based on the Pancharatnam-Berry phase

We propose a compact polarization-resolved common-path digital holography for measuring the polarization distribution of a light field dynamically with high temporal stability. The designed experimental setup allows simultaneously recording, in a common-path manner, two holograms carrying the complex amplitude information of two orthogonal polarization components of the light field. Based on the theory of the Pancharatnam-Berry phase to retrieve the full Stokes parameters of the light field, we demonstrate the experiments with polarized optical elements, stressed glass plate, and micrometer-sized liquid crystal droplet. The measurement results verify the method's high accuracy and stability, and the capability of measuring light fields with sizes ranging from centimeters to micrometers. Owing to the stable and compact optical path structure, this method is conducive to instrumentation and is expected to find wide applications in many fields.