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Related Concept Videos

Polymers02:34

Polymers

38.1K
The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
38.1K
Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

2.9K
Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
2.9K
Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

3.2K
Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
3.2K
Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers01:00

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers

3.4K
Polymers that are made up of identical monomer units are called homopolymers. Only one repeating unit is involved in the construction of the homopolymer structure. For example, as depicted in Figure 1, polypropylene is a homopolymer constituted of propylene monomers. Here, the only repeating unit in the polymer chain is propylene.
3.4K
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.8K
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
3.8K
Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

2.5K
Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
2.5K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

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Two-Dimensional Polymers and Polymerizations.

Austin M Evans1, Michael J Strauss1, Amanda R Corcos1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.

Chemical Reviews
|December 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Synthetic chemists can now create two-dimensional polymers (2DPs), which are macromolecular sheets. This review covers the latest 2D polymerization strategies and their potential applications.

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Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
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Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers
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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
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Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
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Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Organic Synthesis

Background:

  • Established synthetic methods exist for molecules, linear/branched polymers, and networks.
  • Two-dimensional polymers (2DPs) have been a significant gap in synthetic capabilities.
  • Recent advancements enable the creation and characterization of covalently linked macromolecular sheets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the field of two-dimensional polymers (2DPs).
  • To discuss emerging 2D polymerization strategies and their scope.
  • To highlight achievements and identify future opportunities in 2DP synthesis and application.

Main Methods:

  • Review of three predominant 2D polymerization strategies.
  • Analysis of bond-forming reactions, synthetic diversity, and structural properties (nano-, meso-, macroscale).
  • Description of analytical tools for 2DP characterization.

Main Results:

  • Three main strategies for 2D polymerization have been identified.
  • Diverse 2DPs can be synthesized as monolayers or multilayer assemblies.
  • Understanding of multilayer stacking, structure, and morphology is advancing.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesis of two-dimensional polymers (2DPs) is now a reality.
  • Emergent properties and potential applications of planar macromolecules are being explored.
  • Continued research in 2D polymerization promises significant advancements in materials science.