Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Studying Cell Cycle-regulated Gene Expression by Two Complementary Cell Synchronization Protocols
12:02

Studying Cell Cycle-regulated Gene Expression by Two Complementary Cell Synchronization Protocols

Published on: June 6, 2017

27.7K

Cell cycle regulation of ER membrane biogenesis protects against chromosome missegregation

Holly Merta1, Jake W Carrasquillo Rodríguez1, Maya I Anjur-Dietrich2

  • 1Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.

Developmental Cell
|December 1, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Accurate cell division requires controlling endoplasmic reticulum (ER) size. Proper ER membrane production prevents errors in chromosome segregation, reducing micronuclei formation and supporting mitotic fidelity.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) reorganization is crucial for accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis.
  • Failure to manage ER structure can lead to mitotic errors and aneuploidy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of cell cycle-regulated ER membrane production in maintaining mitotic fidelity.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms controlling ER biogenesis and its impact on chromosome segregation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized human cell lines.
  • Investigated protein phosphatase CTDNEP1, mTOR kinase, and lipin 1 pathways.
  • Analyzed ER membrane biogenesis and its effect on cytoplasmic viscosity and chromosome movement during mitosis.

Main Results:

  • Cell cycle-regulated ER membrane production is essential for accurate chromosome segregation.
  • Excess ER membranes increase cytoplasmic viscosity, hindering error correction and promoting micronuclei formation.
  • CTDNEP1 counteracts mTOR to limit interphase ER membrane synthesis, thereby preventing mitotic errors.

Conclusions:

  • Regulation of ER size is a key determinant of mitotic cell biophysics and fidelity.
  • Dysregulated lipid metabolism and ER biogenesis contribute to aneuploidy, potentially in cancer cells.
Keywords:
CTDNEP1aneuploidylipid homeostasislipinmTORmedulloblastomamicronucleimitosisnuclear assembly

More Related Videos

Live Cell Imaging of Chromosome Segregation During Mitosis06:39

Live Cell Imaging of Chromosome Segregation During Mitosis

Published on: March 14, 2018

9.5K
Studying Proteolysis of Cyclin B at the Single Cell Level in Whole Cell Populations10:54

Studying Proteolysis of Cyclin B at the Single Cell Level in Whole Cell Populations

Published on: September 17, 2012

10.7K

Related Concept Videos

The Cell Cycle Control System01:28

The Cell Cycle Control System

The cell cycle regulation directs how a cell proceeds from one phase to the next and begins mitosis. The cell cycle control system includes intracellular regulatory molecules and external triggers. They provide "stop" or "advance" signals and operate at specific cell cycle stages termed checkpoints to ensure that a particular process is completed before the cell advances to the next phase.
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are the primary cell cycle regulators and...
3.8K
Negative Regulator Molecules01:23

Negative Regulator Molecules

Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
36.5K
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:37

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
9.5K
Molecular Factors Affecting Cell Division01:27

Molecular Factors Affecting Cell Division

Several external and internal factors influence the initiation and inhibition of cell division. For instance, the death of nearby cells or the release of human growth hormone (hGH) promotes cell division. In contrast, lack of hGH or crowding of cells can inhibit cell division.
Several proteins function as internal regulators to ensure each cell cycle stage is completed faithfully before proceeding to the next. Regulator molecules may act directly or influence the activity or production of other...
3.4K
Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
3.8K
Positive Regulator Molecules02:39

Positive Regulator Molecules

Mitotic cell division results in daughter cells that exactly resemble the parent cell. However, errors in the DNA replication or distribution of genetic material may lead to genetic mutations that may be passed down to every new cell formed from the resulting abnormal cell. Propagation of such mutant cells is restricted through checkpoint mechanisms present at different stages of the cell cycle. These checkpoints involve regulator molecules that either promote or demote cell cycle events.
5.8K