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Related Concept Videos

In Vitro Fertilization01:24

In Vitro Fertilization

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In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
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Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
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Cell division is necessary for growth and reproduction in organisms. Mitosis aids cell growth and development by dividing somatic cells. In contrast, meiosis causes the division of germ cells and plays an essential role in sexual reproduction. Due to their unique functional requirements, mitosis and meiosis differ from each other in multiple aspects.
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Infertility in Males01:23

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Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
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CRISPR01:59

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
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Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Long-Term Health Impacts of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection on Offspring
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[Children born after assisted reproduction].

Anna-Karina Aaris Henningsen1, Anne Lærke Spangmose, Bjørn Bay

  • 1ahen0024@regionh.dk.

Ugeskrift for Laeger
|December 2, 2021
PubMed
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Children born via in vitro fertilization (IVF) have a slightly higher risk of preterm birth and low birthweight. However, IVF children show similar school performance and no increased risk of mental health issues compared to naturally conceived children.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive medicine and developmental pediatrics.

Background:

  • In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a common assisted reproductive technology.
  • Concerns exist regarding the long-term health of children conceived through IVF.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the health and development of children born after IVF.
  • To compare IVF offspring outcomes with those of naturally conceived children.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article summarizing existing research and data.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on birth outcomes, congenital anomalies, and developmental milestones in IVF children.

Main Results:

  • Children born after IVF have a small increased risk of preterm birth, low birthweight, and congenital malformations.
  • The rate of multiple births in IVF has decreased due to advances like frozen embryo transfer and single embryo transfer.
  • No increased risk of mental or psychiatric diseases has been observed in IVF children.
  • School performance in IVF children is comparable to that of naturally conceived children.

Conclusions:

  • While IVF-related pregnancies carry some increased risks, many concerns are mitigated by technological advancements.
  • IVF children generally exhibit normal development and cognitive function.
  • Ongoing research should continue to monitor potential long-term health effects, such as metabolic and cardiovascular issues.