Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

In Vitro Fertilization

In Vitro Fertilization

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...

Infertility in Females

Infertility in Females

Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of...

Infertility in Males

Infertility in Males

Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...

Fertilization

Fertilization

During fertilization, an egg and sperm cell fuse to create a new diploid structure. In humans, the process occurs once the egg has been released from the ovary, and travels into the fallopian tubes. The process requires several key steps: 1) sperm present in the genital tract must locate the egg; 2) once there, sperm need to release enzymes to help them burrow through the protective zona pellucida of the egg; and 3) the membranes of a single sperm cell and egg must fuse, with the sperm...

Meiosis II

Meiosis II

Meiosis II is the second and final stage of meiosis. It relies on the haploid cells produced during meiosis I, each of which contain only 23 chromosomes—one from each homologous initial pair. Importantly, each chromosome in these cells is composed of two joined copies, and when these cells enter meiosis II, the goal is to separate such sister chromatids using the same microtubule-based network employed in other division processes. The result of meiosis II is two haploid cells, each...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Development and validation of a gonadotropin dose selection model for optimized ovarian stimulation in IVF/ICSI: an individual participant data meta-analysis.

Human reproduction update·2024

Same author

The prevalence of late-follicular phase progesterone elevation and impact on the ongoing pregnancy rate after fresh and frozen blastocyst transfer. Sub-study of an RCT.

Human fertility (Cambridge, England)·2024

Same author

A Novel Approach to Predicting Early Pregnancy Outcomes Dynamically in a Prospective Cohort Using Repeated Ultrasound and Serum Biomarkers.

Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.)·2023

Same author

Low-grade inflammation is negatively associated with live birth in women undergoing IVF.

Reproductive biomedicine online·2022

Same author

The healthy female microbiome across body sites: effect of hormonal contraceptives and the menstrual cycle.

Human reproduction (Oxford, England)·2022

Same author

Live Birth Rate in Women with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss after In Vitro Fertilization with Concomitant Intravenous Immunoglobulin and Prednisone.

Journal of clinical medicine·2022

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Published on: September 16, 2021

[In vitro fertilisation during 40 years].

Anders Nyboe Andersen¹

¹anders.nyboe.andersen@regionh.dk.

Ugeskrift for Laeger

|December 2, 2021

Summary

Denmark

Area of Science:

Reproductive Medicine
Medical Technology
Public Health Policy

Background:

In vitro fertilization (IVF) was established in Denmark in 1983, with Rigshospitalet in Copenhagen pioneering the first birth.
The development of ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval occurred in Denmark in 1982.
IVF was officially recommended as a medical therapy for infertility in Denmark in 1986.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the historical development and current status of assisted reproductive technology (ART) in Denmark.
To highlight key milestones and statistics related to IVF and ART in the Danish healthcare system.

Main Methods:

This review synthesizes historical data and recent statistics on ART in Denmark.
Data includes information on the establishment of IVF, policy recommendations, and annual cycle numbers.

More Related Videos

OP-IVM: Combining In vitro Maturation after Oocyte Retrieval with Gynecological Surgery

OP-IVM: Combining In vitro Maturation after Oocyte Retrieval with Gynecological Surgery

Published on: May 9, 2021

A High-Throughput Method For Zebrafish Sperm Cryopreservation and In Vitro Fertilization

A High-Throughput Method For Zebrafish Sperm Cryopreservation and In Vitro Fertilization

Published on: July 6, 2009

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Published on: September 16, 2021

OP-IVM: Combining In vitro Maturation after Oocyte Retrieval with Gynecological Surgery

OP-IVM: Combining In vitro Maturation after Oocyte Retrieval with Gynecological Surgery

Published on: May 9, 2021

A High-Throughput Method For Zebrafish Sperm Cryopreservation and In Vitro Fertilization

A High-Throughput Method For Zebrafish Sperm Cryopreservation and In Vitro Fertilization

Published on: July 6, 2009

Main Results:

Denmark has high utilization rates of ART, with 21,948 cycles in 2019.
ART contributed 7.3% of Danish newborns in 2019, with a twinning rate of 2-4%.

Conclusions:

Denmark has a well-established and highly utilized ART program, significantly contributing to the national birth rate.
The public sector plays a substantial role in providing IVF treatments in Denmark.