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Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
Published on: July 30, 2017
Mixed NHC-thiolato complexes of palladium: understanding the formation of di-versus mononuclear complexes
Han Vinh Huynh1, Hong Lee Ong1, Kausani Ghatak1
1Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore, Republic of Singapore. chmhhv@nus.edu.sg.
Abstract:
The preference for the formation of mono- versus dinuclear mixed carbene/thiolato complexes of PdII has been studied with three types of N-heterocyclic carbenes derived from benzimidazole, imidazole and 1,2,4-triazole. The complexes were prepared by treatment of halido/NHC precursors with sodium isopropylthiolate in a salt metathesis reaction. Mononuclear complexes are formed when the sulfur and carbon donors are exclusively cis to each other, while their trans arrangement preferably leads to dinuclear complexes with μ2-bridging thiolato ligands. The increased electron density in the latter case cannot be sufficiently compensated by one PdII center alone and leads to the formation dinuclear species with bridging thiolato ligands.
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