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Assessing Intertidal Populations of the Invasive European Green Crab
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Aquatic invasion patterns across the North Atlantic.

Ross N Cuthbert1,2, Syrmalenia G Kotronaki1, James T Carlton3

  • 1GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, Kiel, Germany.

Global Change Biology
|December 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Biological invasions threaten biodiversity and economies. Comparing alien species in North Atlantic aquatic systems reveals distinct invasion patterns, highlighting the need for broad biosecurity strategies to manage future risks.

Keywords:
Baltic SeaChesapeake BayGreat Lakes-St. Lawrence RiverNorth Seaglobal shippingnon-native species

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science
  • Conservation Biology

Background:

  • Biological invasions are a primary cause of global biodiversity loss and socioeconomic disruption.
  • Aquatic ecosystems near urban centers are particularly vulnerable to alien species establishment due to diverse introduction pathways and biosecurity weaknesses.
  • Understanding historical invasion dynamics is crucial for predicting future alien species impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare alien species composition, geographic origins, and overlap across three North Atlantic aquatic systems: Chesapeake Bay, Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River, and North and Baltic Seas.
  • To identify similarities and differences in invasion patterns among these major trade hubs.
  • To inform global biosecurity strategies for managing alien species.

Main Methods:

  • Compiled and compared alien species lists for Chesapeake Bay, Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River, and North and Baltic Seas.
  • Focused analysis on selected macroinvertebrate, algal, and fish taxa to ensure consistent taxonomic and biogeographic resolution.
  • Analyzed the geographic origins and taxonomic groups of established alien species.

Main Results:

  • A total of 326 alien species were identified across the three regions, with the North and Baltic Seas most affected (163 species).
  • Common origins included Ponto-Caspian, Eurasian, Northwest Pacific, Northwest Atlantic, and North American.
  • Despite shared origins, taxonomic composition and geographic success varied significantly among the recipient systems, with Ponto-Caspian species being particularly successful in European waters.

Conclusions:

  • Most alien species (approximately 80%) were established in only one of the studied regions, indicating disparate invasion patterns.
  • The findings underscore the potential for future alien species introductions from diverse sources and pathways.
  • Effective biosecurity measures must consider a wide range of geographic origins and taxonomic groups to mitigate the translocation, arrival, and spread of alien species globally.