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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:30

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

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Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
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Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Proton Pump Inhibitors01:13

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Peptic ulcers, often induced by H. pylori infections or NSAID usage, arise from disruptions in the delicate balance of gastric acid production. Peptic ulcers stem from heightened gastric acid levels due to H. pylori infections or NSAID use. The protective mucus layer diminishes in the presence of these factors, allowing gastric acid to erode the stomach lining and form ulcers.
Gastric acid, a potent cocktail of hydrogen and chloride ions, is produced in specialized parietal cells within the...
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Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

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Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:
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Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Histamine H2-Receptor Antagonists01:28

Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Histamine H2-Receptor Antagonists

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Histamine H2 receptors, which are intricately located on the basolateral membrane of parietal cells, play a crucial role in modulating gastric acid secretion. When released from enterochromaffin-like cells, histamine engages H2 receptors, initiating the cyclic AMP (cAMP) pathway. In this pathway, adenylyl cyclase converts ATP into cAMP, elevating intracellular cAMP levels. The activation of protein kinase A follows, stimulating the proton pump. This stimulation prompts the secretion of hydrogen...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Enhancement of Apoptotic and Autophagic Induction by a Novel Synthetic C-1 Analogue of 7-deoxypancratistatin in Human Breast Adenocarcinoma and Neuroblastoma Cells with Tamoxifen
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Pseudogynecomastia: A chance occurrence with acitretin.

Seema Rani1, Soumya Sachdeva1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Dr. RMLH, ABVIMS, New Delhi, India.

Indian Journal of Pharmacology
|December 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Acitretin, a retinoid treatment for nail psoriasis, can cause pseudogynecomastia. This case study details an 11-year-old experiencing this rare side effect after treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Nail psoriasis presents with characteristic nail bed and nail matrix changes.
  • Retinoids are a therapeutic option for severe nail psoriasis.

Observation:

  • An 11-year-old adolescent with nail psoriasis was treated with acitretin.
  • The patient developed pseudogynecomastia during the course of treatment.

Findings:

  • Pseudogynecomastia is an uncommon adverse effect associated with retinoid therapy.
  • This report highlights a pediatric case of pseudogynecomastia linked to acitretin.

Implications:

  • Clinicians should be aware of potential endocrine side effects of retinoids in pediatric patients.
  • Monitoring for pseudogynecomastia is recommended during acitretin treatment for nail psoriasis.
Keywords:
Acitretingynecomastianail psoriasis

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