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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

879
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
879
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

522
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
522
Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

518
While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
518
Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

617
Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
617
Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics01:13

Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics

912
The potency and duration of action of local anesthetics (LAs) are determined by their pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics describes how LAs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. When administered to the vascular tissues, LAs are quickly absorbed and enter the systemic circulation, reducing their localized effects. Adding vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine to LAs reduces their absorption into the systemic circulation, making them clinically effective. The...
912
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

1.4K
Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
1.4K

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CO2-Lasertonsillotomy Under Local Anesthesia in Adults
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[Local anesthesia in children: standard and limits].

Jürgen Wallner1, Michael Schwaiger1, Mauro Pau1

  • 1Klinische Abteilung für Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Österreich.

Swiss Dental Journal
|December 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Local anesthetics are safe for dental procedures, but dentists must carefully calculate maximum doses for children. Accurate dosing prevents adverse events in pediatric patients due to their lower body weight.

Keywords:
LokalanästhesieZahnarztangstKinderzahnmedizin

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Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Local anesthetics are crucial for pain management in dental and surgical procedures.
  • Safe and effective use requires adherence to maximum dosage guidelines.
  • Pediatric patients, due to lower body weight, are at higher risk for overdose complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide general dentists with guidance on the correct administration and maximum dosage of local anesthetics in children.
  • To emphasize the importance of accurate dosing to prevent adverse events in pediatric dental patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and clinical guidelines on local anesthetic use in pediatric dentistry.
  • Analysis of factors influencing maximum dose calculations, including patient weight and anesthetic concentration.

Main Results:

  • Established safe and effective maximum dosage ranges for common local anesthetics in pediatric dental patients.
  • Highlighted key considerations for accurate dose calculation, such as anesthetic type and concentration.
  • Identified specific risks associated with exceeding maximum doses in children.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate calculation and administration of local anesthetics are vital for safe pediatric dental care.
  • Adherence to maximum dosage guidelines minimizes the risk of adverse events in children.
  • General dentists should be well-informed about pediatric-specific anesthetic protocols.