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Gravity-Driven Microfluidic Siphons: Fluidic Characterization and Application to Quantitative Immunoassays.

Nuno M Reis1, Sarah H Needs2, Sophie M Jegouic2,3

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Biosensors, Biodevices and Bioelectronics (C3Bio), University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.

ACS Sensors
|December 2, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel microfluidic siphon enables quantitative immunoassays at the point-of-care, simplifying complex lab procedures for rapid diagnostics like dengue fever and COVID-19 testing.

Keywords:
biosensordengue NS1immunoassaysmicrofluidicporous membraneportable ELISAsiphonsmartphone diagnostics

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Immunodiagnostics

Background:

  • Biosensing techniques, including immunoassays, are crucial for analyte quantitation in biological samples.
  • Point-of-care (POC) testing faces challenges in achieving high analytical performance due to complex fluidic control requirements for reagent and washing steps.
  • Existing POC devices often struggle with manual fluid handling, automation, or fluidic pumping, limiting their accessibility and ease of use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a microfluidic siphon concept for multistep, quantitative immunoassays.
  • To demonstrate a novel "dipstick" format for point-of-care diagnostics using gravity-driven flow.
  • To overcome the limitations of current POC devices by enabling high-performance immunoassays outside of laboratory settings.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a microfluidic siphon using microporous or microbored materials (glass capillaries, microcapillary films, glass fiber membranes).
  • Utilizing gravity-driven siphon flow, independent of capillary forces, for precise reagent and sample delivery.
  • Implementing a stepwise approach to eliminate dead volume, reagent overlap, and carryover, ensuring full fluid control.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated gravity-driven siphon flow in various microfluidic formats.
  • Successfully applied a 10-bore microfluidic siphon as a portable enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system.
  • Achieved quantitative detection for a four-plex sandwich ELISA for dengue virus NS1 antigen and quantitation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM titers.

Conclusions:

  • The microfluidic siphon concept offers a viable solution for high-performance immunoassays at the point-of-care.
  • This technology eliminates the need for complex fluidic control, manual pipetting, or external pumps.
  • Diagnostic siphons have the potential to meet global clinical and public health needs for rapid, accurate diagnostics outside of traditional laboratories.