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Published on: March 10, 2023
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Viscoelastic properties of epithelial cells
1Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Goettingen, Tammannstr. 6, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
Biochemical Society Transactions
|December 2, 2021
Summary
Epithelial cells adapt their viscoelastic properties to environmental challenges, crucial for biological functions. Atomic force microscopy reveals how the actin cytoskeleton influences these cell mechanics.
Area of Science:
- Biophysics
- Cell Biology
- Materials Science
Background:
- Epithelial cells form critical barriers, requiring dynamic mechanical properties for survival and function.
- Cellular viscoelasticity is vital for biological processes like adhesion, growth, differentiation, and motility.
- Environmental cues influence cell viscoelasticity, impacting cell fate and vitality.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent deformation studies on epithelial cells.
- To focus on viscoelastic models describing force cycle measurements related to the actin cytoskeleton.
- To discuss the role of the cell cortex in responding to external forces.
Main Methods:
- Atomic force microscopy (AFM) for studying mechanical properties of adherent cells.
- Analysis of force cycle measurements to understand viscoelastic behavior.
- Examination of isolated cortex extracts on porous surfaces.
Main Results:
- Viscoelastic properties of epithelial cells are adaptable and environment-dependent.
- The actin cytoskeleton architecture is congruent with force cycle measurements.
- The cell cortex plays a significant role in the cellular response to external forces.
Conclusions:
- Epithelial cell mechanics are crucial for barrier function and adaptation.
- Viscoelastic models provide insights into cell behavior under force.
- The cell cortex is a key determinant of cellular mechanical responses.
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