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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
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Muscles that Move the Arm01:31

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Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...
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Muscles of the Anterior Neck01:26

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The anterior neck muscles are the group of muscles covering the front part of the neck. These muscles are classified into three subgroups. The first one is the superficial muscles, the most visible muscles in the front of the neck. It includes the platysma and sternocleidomastoid. The second group is the suprahyoid muscles, located above the hyoid bone. This group comprises the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and stylohyoid. Lastly, the infrahyoid muscles are found below the hyoid bone and...
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Muscles that Move the Thigh01:20

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The thigh's motion is primarily governed by muscles originating in the pelvic girdle and inserted into the femur. One crucial muscle, the iliopsoas, is a combination of the psoas major and the iliacus muscles, sharing a common insertion point on the lesser trochanter of the femur.
Three other significant muscles are the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus. The gluteus maximus originates from the posterior surface of the ilium, sacrum, and coccyx, and the thoracolumbar...
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Muscles that Move the Head01:19

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The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
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Naming Skeletal Muscles01:19

Naming Skeletal Muscles

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The naming of the approximately 700 muscles in the human body is based on a set of criteria designed to provide descriptive information about each muscle, making it easier to identify and remember them.
The key factors used in naming muscles include:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Anterior Capsular Reconstruction with Human Dermal Allograft for Irreparable Subscapularis Tears
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Subscapularis minor-does it exist?

Jean-David Werthel1,2, Geoffrey Champain3, Guy Villaret4

  • 1Hôpital Ambroise Paré, 9 avenue Charles de Gaulle, 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France. jdwerthel@gmail.com.

International Orthopaedics
|December 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The subscapularis muscle has an additional origin on the glenoid neck and scapular pillar, not solely from the subscapularis fossa. This finding clarifies the anatomy of the inferior muscular portion of the subscapularis humeral insertion.

Keywords:
Cadaveric studyFatty infiltrationIrreparable subscapularisRotator cuff muscleSubscapularis minorSubscapularis muscle

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Orthopedics
  • Surgical Anatomy

Background:

  • The subscapularis muscle is known to have a tendinous superior two-thirds and a muscular inferior third insertion.
  • Previous descriptions suggest distinct anatomical features for different parts of the subscapularis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the medial origin of the subscapularis's inferior muscular insertion.
  • To determine if a distinct subscapularis minor muscle can be identified based on its origin.

Main Methods:

  • Dissection of 26 shoulders from 13 fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens.
  • Analysis of the humeral insertion of the subscapularis, focusing on the inferior muscular portion.
  • Tracing muscle fibers to their scapular origin and measuring dimensions.

Main Results:

  • Subscapularis fibers showed different orientations for tendinous and muscular portions.
  • The muscular portion originated from the glenoid neck and a scapular pillar depression, not the subscapularis fossa.
  • Mean lengths: superior tendinous portion (3.42 cm), inferior muscular portion (1.88 cm), and scapular origin of muscular fibers (3.7 cm).

Conclusions:

  • The subscapularis muscle has an additional origin from the inferior glenoid neck and scapular pillar.
  • These fibers insert into the muscular portion of the subscapularis humeral insertion.
  • This anatomical finding does not appear to correspond to the previously described subscapularis minor.