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Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Therapy Testing in a Spheroid-based 3D Cell Culture Model for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Published on: April 20, 2018
Management of partial and non-responding cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
P Jansen1,2, G C Lodde1,2, K G Griewank1,2,3
1Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Abstract:
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and basal cell carcinoma are the most common types of skin cancer. For patients with locally advanced and metastatic cSCC, the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor cemiplimab is approved for systemic treatment. Despite this revolutionary immunomodulatory therapeutic approach, tumours may fail to respond either completely or partially. In addition to the previously established local treatment with radiotherapy or systemic treatment with chemotherapy and epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, ongoing trials are currently focussed on re-stimulating the antitumour immune response in patients with advanced cSCC refractory to PD-1 inhibitors. In this review, ongoing and recently finished trials with different therapeutic approaches will be discussed.
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