β-Diketone Coordination Strategy for Highly Efficient and Stable Pb-Sn Mixed Perovskite Solar Cells

The narrow bandgap Pb-Sn hybrid perovskite materials with lower toxicities and adjustable optical bandgaps provide the opportunity to construct high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PerSCs). To solve the issues of the uncontrollable crystallization rate of Pb-Sn perovskite and easy oxidation of Sn²⁺, a β-diketone-based additive, N,N,N',N'-tetraphenylmalondiamide (TPMA), is introduced to coordinate with Pb²⁺ and Sn²⁺. The introduction of TPMA can improve the morphology of perovskite films and decrease the density of defect states, resulting in an enhanced power conversion efficiency of >20% and improved stability. The PerSC without encapsulation retains 94% of its initial efficiency after being stored for 1000 h in a nitrogen-filled glovebox and shows a lifetime of only 8% degradation after being continuously heated for 100 h at 80 °C. This work represents a new strategy of introducing a β-diketone ligand as an additive in precursor engineering for achieving efficient and stable PerSCs.