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Multi-Channel Trans-Impedance Leadforming for Cardiopulmonary Monitoring: Algorithm Development and Feasibility

Kyounghun Lee, Geuk Young Jang, Yongmin Kim

    IEEE Transactions on Bio-Medical Engineering
    |December 2, 2021
    PubMed
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    A new electrical impedance tomography (EIT) method accurately measures beat-to-beat stroke volume (SV) and breath-by-breath tidal volume (TV) noninvasively. This leadforming technique shows promise for future cardiopulmonary monitoring systems.

    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Physiological Monitoring
    • Medical Devices

    Background:

    • Accurate, noninvasive measurement of stroke volume (SV) and tidal volume (TV) is crucial for patient monitoring.
    • Existing methods often require invasive procedures or lack beat-to-beat and breath-by-breath resolution.
    • Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) offers a potential noninvasive solution for physiological monitoring.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and assess a multi-channel trans-impedance leadforming method for simultaneous SV and TV measurements.
    • To evaluate the feasibility of this method using an existing in vivo animal dataset.
    • To establish a deterministic algorithm for extracting cardiac and respiratory volume signals.

    Main Methods:

    • A 208-channel EIT device was used to acquire trans-impedance data every 20 ms.

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  • A deterministic leadforming algorithm extracted cardiac volume signals (CVS) and respiratory volume signals (RVS).
  • Stroke volume (SV_EIT) and tidal volume (TV_EIT) were calculated from CVS and RVS, respectively, and compared to invasive methods.

    • Main Results:

    • The leadforming method reliably extracted CVS and RVS from EIT data.
    • SV_EIT and TV_EIT values demonstrated comparability with invasive hemodynamic monitors and mechanical ventilators.
    • With a simple calibration, SV_EIT and TV_EIT errors were 9.5% and 5.4%, respectively, in pigs.

    Conclusions:

    • A novel, deterministic leadforming method for EIT was developed for robust SV and TV extraction.
    • The method shows potential for noninvasive, simultaneous cardiopulmonary monitoring.
    • Further animal and clinical studies are required for validation across diverse populations.