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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Novel Object Recognition and Object Location Behavioral Testing in Mice on a Budget

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Rapid category selectivity for animals versus man-made objects: An N2pc study.

Austin Moon¹, Chenxi He², Annie S Ditta¹

¹Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, United States of America.

International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology

|December 2, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Visual search for animals is faster than for man-made objects, emerging early in visual processing. This advantage is linked to attentional selection biased towards basic-level animal categories, even at the exemplar level.

Keywords:

Animals Categorization Man-made objects N2pc Visual search

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Area of Science:

Cognitive psychology
Neuroscience
Visual perception

Background:

Visual recognition operates across multiple levels: superordinate (animal), basic (cat), and exemplar (my cat).
Searching for animals is faster than for man-made objects, suggesting conceptual influences.
The role of early visual processing, specifically the N2pc ERP component, in this search advantage remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if the visual search advantage for animals over man-made objects is supported by early visual search processes.
To examine how categorization level (exemplar, basic, superordinate) influences this search advantage.
To determine if attentional selection biases differ for animals versus man-made objects during visual search.

Main Methods:

Participants performed visual search tasks at exemplar, basic, and superordinate levels for animals and man-made objects.
Event-related potentials (ERPs), specifically the N2pc component, were recorded to measure early attentional selection.
Foil trials assessed involuntary attentional selection of task-irrelevant but related images.

Main Results:

A larger N2pc amplitude was observed during exemplar-level search for animals compared to man-made objects in foil trials.
Faster onset latencies for animal search were found across all categorization levels compared to man-made object search.
Attentional selection showed a stronger bias towards the basic level for animals than for man-made objects.

Conclusions:

The visual search advantage for animals over man-made objects emerges early in visual processing.
Early attentional selection mechanisms contribute to the faster search for animals.
Attentional biases are more strongly directed towards basic-level animal categories during visual search.