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Development of bioactive catechol functionalized nanoparticles applicable for 3D bioprinting.

María Puertas-Bartolomé1, Małgorzata K Włodarczyk-Biegun2, Aránzazu Del Campo3

  • 1Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; CIBER's Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Health Institute Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.

Materials Science & Engineering. C, Materials for Biological Applications
|December 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Developing catechol-functionalized nanoparticles enhances wound healing by protecting cells from oxidative stress and promoting growth factors. These nanoparticles can be incorporated into 3D printed scaffolds for sustained drug delivery and improved chronic wound treatment.

Keywords:
3D printingCatechol nanoparticlesCell therapiesWound healing

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Nanomedicine
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Chronic wound healing remains a significant challenge in regenerative medicine.
  • Nanomedicine offers potential for improving existing wound therapies.
  • Development of advanced materials is crucial for effective wound treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop catechol-bearing polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) for wound healing applications.
  • To evaluate the NPs' wound healing promoting activities, drug encapsulation, and controlled release capabilities.
  • To incorporate NPs into a hydrogel bioink for fabricating cell-laden 3D scaffolds.

Main Methods:

  • Polymeric nanoparticles (NP2 and NP29) with varying catechol content were synthesized via nanoprecipitation.
  • Encapsulation efficiency of coumarin-6 was determined.
  • In vitro studies assessed NP effects on macrophages and fibroblasts, including oxidative stress protection, anti-inflammatory effects, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) upregulation.
  • NP29 were formulated into a hydrogel bioink with carboxymethyl chitosan and hyaluronic acid.
  • Reactive mixing bioprinting was used to create 3D scaffolds.
  • In vitro release profiles and cell viability/proliferation within scaffolds were evaluated.

Main Results:

  • Synthesized NPs exhibited hydrodynamic diameters of 100 nm (NP2) and 75 nm (NP29) with 70% encapsulation efficiency for coumarin-6.
  • NPs protected macrophages from oxidative stress, modulated inflammatory responses, and promoted VEGF upregulation in fibroblasts and endothelial cells.
  • Bioprinted NP-loaded hydrogel scaffolds demonstrated good structural integrity, shape fidelity, and homogeneous NP dispersion with sustained catechol NP release.
  • Encapsulated fibroblasts showed high viability and proliferation over 14 days in the 3D scaffolds.

Conclusions:

  • Catechol-functionalized nanoparticles show significant promise for advanced wound healing applications.
  • The developed bioactive bioink and 3D scaffolds facilitate controlled release of therapeutic agents.
  • This approach offers potential for personalized wound treatments through tailored scaffold geometries and drug co-encapsulation.