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Skin manifestations associated with COVID-19
Camila Arai Seque1, Milvia Maria Simões E Silva Enokihara1, Adriana Maria Porro1
1Department of Dermatology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Anais Brasileiros De Dermatologia
|December 3, 2021
Summary
Skin manifestations linked to COVID-19 are diverse, with maculopapular eruptions and pernio-like lesions being most common. Understanding these dermatological signs aids in COVID-19 diagnosis and management.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Infectious Diseases
- Pathophysiology
Background:
- Over 1,500 articles published on COVID-19 skin manifestations.
- Pathophysiology involves mechanisms similar to other organs but is not fully understood.
- Dermatological manifestation frequency varies widely (0.2%–45%).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and synthesize current literature on COVID-19-associated skin manifestations.
- To discuss clinical presentations, pathophysiology, and frequencies.
- To highlight the diagnostic and prognostic significance of skin findings.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of published articles on COVID-19 and skin manifestations.
- Analysis of pioneering studies and large case series.
- Synthesis of information on clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and frequency.
Main Results:
- Maculopapular eruptions are the most frequent presentation, followed by erythema pernio-like lesions.
- Urticaria, vesicular conditions, and livedo/purpura/necrosis are rare.
- Onset, severity, treatment, and prognosis vary by clinical pattern.
Conclusions:
- Skin manifestations of COVID-19 are varied, with distinct clinical patterns.
- Histopathology and understanding the COVID-19-androgen link may improve diagnosis and pathophysiology insights.
- Excluding differential diagnoses is crucial for correlating skin findings with COVID-19.
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