Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

24.3K
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
24.3K
Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

5.2K
Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
5.2K
Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

530
In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
530
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

43.9K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
43.9K
Sulfur Assimilation01:20

Sulfur Assimilation

123
Sulfur is an essential element in biological systems, contributing to synthesizing key biomolecules, including amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, and cofactors such as coenzyme A and biotin. Microorganisms primarily assimilate sulfur as sulfate (SO₄²⁻) from the environment, which must undergo a series of biochemical transformations before it can be incorporated into cellular components. As sulfate is highly oxidized, it must undergo assimilatory sulfate reduction to...
123
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

9.8K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
9.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Topological Control of Dual Protonic-Electronic Conduction in Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

An Inorganic Layered Coordination Polymer as High-Performance Solid-State Electrolyte for Stable Lithium Metal Batteries.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same author

The CIDR-GPG Protocol Improves Reproductive Efficiency in Yaks and Lowers the Body Condition Requirements for Success.

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI·2026
Same author

Regulation Progresses of Selenium Improving Intestinal and Extra-Intestinal Tissues Health Through Regulating Gut Microbiota.

Biology·2026
Same author

Tailoring the Work Function of Oxyhalide Solid Electrolytes via Sulfur Doping to Boost High-Performance All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Mechanistic insights into interfacial failure of hard carbon anodes in sodium-ion batteries under extreme conditions.

Chemical science·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of PhosphorusI
08:46

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of PhosphorusI

Published on: November 22, 2016

7.9K

Stable sodium-sulfur electrochemistry enabled by phosphorus-based complexation.

Chuanlong Wang1, Yue Zhang2, Yiwen Zhang1

  • 1Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|December 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary

New sodium phosphorothioate complexes offer advanced sodium-sulfur battery performance. These materials enhance cycling stability and low-temperature operation by preventing solid precipitate formation.

Keywords:
phosphorothioatesphosphorus pentasulfidesemisolid batteriessodium chemistry

More Related Videos

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV
10:42

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV

Published on: December 29, 2016

10.8K
Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
11:04

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Published on: December 20, 2016

13.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of PhosphorusI
08:46

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of PhosphorusI

Published on: November 22, 2016

7.9K
Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV
10:42

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV

Published on: December 29, 2016

10.8K
Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
11:04

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Published on: December 20, 2016

13.1K

Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Conventional sodium-sulfur batteries suffer from sluggish kinetics and poor cycling stability due to liquid-solid phase transitions.
  • Developing stable cathode materials is crucial for improving battery performance, especially at low temperatures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate novel sodium phosphorothioate complexes as potential cathode materials for sodium-sulfur batteries.
  • To address the limitations of current cathode materials, particularly phase transition issues and low-temperature performance.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and electrochemical characterization of sodium phosphorothioate complexes.
  • Experimental techniques and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to elucidate reaction mechanisms.
  • Performance evaluation across a wide operating temperature range, including low temperatures (-60°C).

Main Results:

  • The novel complexes exhibit attractive electrochemical properties for sodium-sulfur battery applications.
  • Demonstrated 80% cyclic retention after 400 cycles at room temperature.
  • Achieved superior low-temperature performance down to -60°C, resolving phase transition issues.

Conclusions:

  • Sodium phosphorothioate complexes effectively prevent solid precipitate formation, enhancing electrochemical properties.
  • These materials offer a promising solution for stable and efficient sodium-sulfur batteries, particularly under demanding temperature conditions.