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Understanding COVID-19: From Dysregulated Immunity to Vaccination Status Quo
Ruby A Escobedo1,2, Dhiraj K Singh1, Deepak Kaushal1
1Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States.
Abstract:
The development of vaccines against infectious diseases has helped us battle the greatest threat to public health. With the emergence of novel viruses, targeted immunotherapeutics ranging from informed vaccine development to personalized medicine may be the very thing that separates us between life and death. Late in 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), made a remarkable entrance to human civilization, being one of many to cross the species barrier. This review discusses the important aspects of COVID-19, providing a brief overview of our current understanding of dysregulated immune responses developed using various experimental models, a brief outline of experimental models of COVID-19 and more importantly, the rapid development of vaccines against COVID-19.
Insights
This review covers the rapid development of vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2. It also discusses immune responses and experimental models for COVID-19 research.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Public Health
Background:
- Infectious diseases pose a significant threat to public health.
- Novel viruses like SARS-CoV-2 present emergent challenges.
- Targeted immunotherapeutics are crucial for combating new viral threats.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review key aspects of COVID-19.
- To provide an overview of immune responses in COVID-19.
- To outline experimental models and vaccine development for COVID-19.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of COVID-19 research.
- Analysis of immune response data.
- Summary of experimental models used in COVID-19 studies.
Main Results:
- SARS-CoV-2 emerged in late 2019, crossing the species barrier.
- Understanding of dysregulated immune responses in COVID-19 is evolving.
- Rapid development of vaccines against COVID-19 has been a major focus.
Conclusions:
- Vaccine development is critical for managing COVID-19.
- Further research into immune responses and experimental models is needed.
- Targeted immunotherapeutics offer hope against emerging viral diseases.
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