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β2 Integrin CD11d/CD18: From Expression to an Emerging Role in Staged Leukocyte Migration
Eoin N Blythe1,2, Lynne C Weaver1,3, Arthur Brown1,4
1Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
Frontiers in Immunology
|December 3, 2021
Summary
CD11d/CD18, a β2 integrin, is crucial for leukocyte migration to inflammation sites. This review details its adhesive functions and signaling pathways, offering insights for targeted therapies.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- CD11d/CD18 is the least understood β2 integrin, playing roles in leukocyte extravasation and mesenchymal migration.
- Its differential expression impacts monocyte/macrophage migration, relevant to conditions like atherosclerosis and neurotrauma.
- Interest in CD11d-targeted therapies is growing due to its role in leukocyte localization.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide the first comprehensive review of nearly three decades of CD11d research.
- To discuss the emerging role of CD11d in leukocyte migration and retention during immune responses.
- To highlight the undefined signaling pathways induced by CD11d ligand binding.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of CD11d research spanning approximately 30 years.
- Analysis of studies on CD11d adhesive mechanisms and leukocyte migration.
- Synthesis of information on CD11d's transcriptional control and expression patterns.
Main Results:
- CD11d/CD18 mediates key leukocyte functions, including extravasation and mesenchymal migration.
- Differential CD11d expression influences monocyte/macrophage subset migration.
- CD11d is uniquely transcribed and expressed on differentiated innate leukocytes.
Conclusions:
- CD11d/CD18 is vital for leukocyte localization and retention in inflammatory settings.
- Understanding CD11d's signaling pathways is critical for developing targeted therapeutic agents.
- This review consolidates existing knowledge and points to future research directions for CD11d.
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