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Role of Coagulation Profile in Predicting Disease Severity Among Patients of COVID-19

Animesh Saurabh1, Biswajit Dey1, Vandana Raphael1

  • 1Pathology, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS), Shillong, IND.

Cureus
|December 3, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Elevated D-dimer, fibrinogen, and prolonged prothrombin time (PT) indicate severe Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). These coagulation markers are predictive of increased disease severity in SARS-CoV-2 patients.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology and Coagulation
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, impacts the coagulation system.
  • Understanding coagulation abnormalities is crucial for assessing COVID-19 severity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the association between D-dimer, fibrinogen, prothrombin time (PT), and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) with COVID-19 severity.
  • To identify predictive cut-off values for these coagulation parameters in severe COVID-19 cases.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 90 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients.
  • Categorization of patients into severe and non-severe groups based on clinical outcomes.
  • Analysis of admission D-dimer, fibrinogen, PT, and aPTT levels using independent t-test, Chi-square test, and ROC curve analysis.

Main Results:

  • Severe COVID-19 patients (n=42) exhibited significantly higher D-dimer, fibrinogen, and PT levels compared to non-severe patients (n=48).
  • Statistically significant p-values (<0.001 for D-dimer and PT, 0.005 for fibrinogen) confirmed these associations.
  • Identified predictive cut-off values: D-dimer (0.99 mg/L), fibrinogen (349.5 mg/dL), and PT (13.05 seconds).

Conclusions:

  • Elevated D-dimer and fibrinogen levels, along with prolonged PT, are significantly associated with severe COVID-19.
  • These coagulation parameters serve as valuable predictors of disease severity in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Keywords:
activated partial thromboplastin timeblood coagulation testscovid-19fibrin degradation productsprothrombin time

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