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MXD3 as an Immunological and Prognostic Factor From Pancancer Analysis
Xiaoyu Zhang1, Xiaoqin He2, Yue Li2
1Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences
|December 3, 2021
Summary
MAX dimerization protein 3 (MXD3) is highly expressed in cancers, correlating with poor prognosis and altered immune environments. This study highlights MXD3 as a potential prognostic and immune factor, particularly in glioma.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Cancer Genomics
Background:
- MAX dimerization protein 3 (MXD3) is a transcriptional regulator within the MYC-MAX-MXD network.
- Previous studies have implicated MXD3 in various cancers, including leukemia and brain tumors.
- Its comprehensive role across multiple cancer types and its prognostic significance remain underexplored.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct the first pancancer analysis of MXD3 expression, methylation, and prognostic value.
- To investigate the association between MXD3 and clinical characteristics, tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and immune infiltration.
- To evaluate MXD3's role in glioma progression and its potential as a therapeutic target.
Main Methods:
- Utilized The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases for pancancer analysis.
- Analyzed MXD3 gene expression and methylation status in relation to patient survival and clinical data.
- Correlated MXD3 expression with TMB, MSI, immune cell infiltration, and immune gene expression.
- Validated MXD3 expression in glioma tissues using immunohistochemistry (IHC).
Main Results:
- MXD3 is significantly upregulated across numerous cancer types, correlating with poorer overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), disease-free interval (DFI), and progression-free interval (PFI).
- MXD3 expression demonstrates differential correlations with gene body and promoter methylation, impacting patient prognosis.
- High MXD3 expression is linked to reduced TMB and MSI and is associated with specific immune cell infiltration patterns and immune gene expression, suggesting a role in the tumor immune microenvironment.
- MXD3 expression and promoter methylation increase with glioma WHO grade, and high expression correlates with poor survival in glioma patients.
Conclusions:
- MXD3 serves as a significant poor prognostic biomarker across a wide range of cancers, notably in glioma.
- MXD3 expression is intricately linked to the tumor immune microenvironment and clinical characteristics.
- MXD3 represents a potential therapeutic target for immunotherapy and demethylation strategies, warranting further clinical investigation.
