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Related Experiment Videos

Aminoglycoside ototoxicity.

G J Matz

    American Journal of Otolaryngology
    |March 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Aminoglycoside antibiotics like gentamicin and tobramycin show varying toxicity rates. Netilmicin demonstrated the lowest ototoxicity (2%), while amikacin had rare nephrotoxicity, unlike other agents.

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    Area of Science:

    • Pharmacology and Toxicology
    • Nephrology
    • Ototoxicology

    Background:

    • Aminoglycoside antibiotics are crucial for treating severe bacterial infections.
    • Potential toxicities, including ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity, necessitate careful monitoring.
    • Comparative data on the safety profiles of different aminoglycosides is essential for clinical decision-making.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To prospectively compare the auditory, vestibular, and renal toxicities of commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotics.
    • To evaluate the incidence and characteristics of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity associated with amikacin, gentamicin, netilmicin, and tobramycin.

    Main Methods:

    • Two randomized, blinded prospective studies involving patients receiving aminoglycoside antibiotics.
    • Auditory toxicity assessed via pure tone audiometry.

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  • Vestibular toxicity evaluated using electronystagmography (30°C and 44°C water).
  • Nephrotoxicity monitored by changes in serum creatinine levels.

    • Main Results:

    • Gentamicin showed toxicity rates of 11% and 18% in the two studies.
    • Ototoxicity incidences: Amikacin (12.9%), Tobramycin (11.5%), Netilmicin (2%).
    • Nephrotoxicity rates: Gentamicin (18.6%), Tobramycin (25%), Netilmicin (21.3%). Amikacin exhibited rare nephrotoxicity.
    • Auditory and vestibular toxicities were unilateral, delayed-onset, and reversible across all groups.

    Conclusions:

    • Netilmicin appears to have a significantly lower ototoxicity profile compared to other aminoglycosides studied.
    • Amikacin demonstrates a favorable safety profile regarding nephrotoxicity.
    • All studied aminoglycosides carry risks of auditory and vestibular toxicity, emphasizing the need for vigilant patient monitoring.