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Related Concept Videos

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

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Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
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Hypertension I: Introduction01:28

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Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...
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Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

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Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
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Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure01:17

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Endocrinal or hormonal intervention in the cardiovascular system is predominantly exerted by the catecholamines - epinephrine and norepinephrine, as well as a slew of hormones that interact with renal function to modulate blood volume.
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
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Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
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Hypertension IV: Drug Therapy and Lifestyle Modifications01:28

Hypertension IV: Drug Therapy and Lifestyle Modifications

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Multiple classes of antihypertensive medications are employed in treating hypertension. The most commonly recommended first-line treatments include:Thiazide Diuretics, such as chlorthalidone, increase sodium and water excretion from the body, reducing blood volume and blood pressure.Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, like lisinopril, block the conversion of angiotensin I to II, a potent vasoconstrictor lowering blood pressure.Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) prevent angiotensin II...
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Author Spotlight: Exploring Huotan Jiedu Tongluo Decoction as an Antihypertensive Drug
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Hypertension in an Adolescent Secondary to Performance-Enhancement Supplement Use.

Robin M Milton1, Merry Kelly-Rehm2, Nancy Brahm1

  • 1The University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, USA.

The Journal of Pharmacy Technology : Jpt : Official Publication of the Association of Pharmacy Technicians
|December 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Performance-enhancing supplements and caffeine can significantly elevate blood pressure (BP) in adolescents. Clinicians should thoroughly question young athletes about supplement use to identify potential causes of hypertension.

Keywords:
adverse reactionscardiologydrug informationhypertensionmedication safetypediatrics

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Adolescent Medicine
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Adolescent athletes frequently use performance-enhancing supplements and caffeine.
  • This use may stem from misconceptions about health benefits and risks.
  • Limited research guides clinicians on managing supplement-related health effects in adolescents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the impact of performance-enhancing supplements and caffeine on an adolescent male's blood pressure (BP).
  • To highlight the importance of comprehensive patient history in identifying contributing factors to hypertension.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of an adolescent male presenting with significantly elevated BP.
  • Medical evaluation including exclusion of other causes and detailed lifestyle interview.
  • Assessment of BP changes following reported supplement discontinuation and initiation of medication.

Main Results:

  • The adolescent presented with severe hypertension (BP 162/90), exceeding the 99th percentile.
  • The patient reported using caffeine-based energy drinks and performance-enhancing supplements.
  • BP readings decreased after supplement cessation, suggesting a probable adverse drug event.

Conclusions:

  • Thorough patient history, specifically inquiring about nutritional supplement and energy drink use, is crucial for identifying causes of BP variations in adolescents.
  • Clinicians should investigate supplement use in adolescents with even mild BP elevations, questioning recent and chronic intake.
  • Adolescents often underestimate the adverse health effects, such as elevated BP, associated with performance-enhancing supplements and energy drinks.