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Related Concept Videos

Types of Membrane Protrusions01:28

Types of Membrane Protrusions

3.1K
The protrusion of the cell surface is an initial step for several cellular processes, including cell migration, phagocytosis, and neurite outgrowth. These membrane protrusions are a result of cytoskeletal rearrangement. The most  widely observed cell protrusions include lamellipodia, pseudopodia, filopodia, microvilli, invadopodia, and podosomes. These protrusions can be of two types — static or dynamic.
The microvilli, an example of stable protrusions, are finger-like projections...
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Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Cell Migration01:09

Cell Migration

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Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
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Mechanisms of Membrane-bending01:15

Mechanisms of Membrane-bending

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The living membranes are flexible due to their fluid mosaic nature; however, their bending into different shapes is an active process regulated by specific lipids and proteins. The membrane bending can be transient as seen in vesicles or stable for a long time as in microvilli. Cells regulate the size, location, and duration of the membrane curvature.
Membrane bending can happen due to intrinsic changes in lipid composition or extrinsic association with different proteins. The proteins involved...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Measuring Cell-Edge Protrusion Dynamics during Spreading using Live-Cell Microscopy
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Measuring Cell-Edge Protrusion Dynamics during Spreading using Live-Cell Microscopy

Published on: November 1, 2021

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Methods for assessment of membrane protrusion dynamics.

Jordan Fauser1, Martin Brennan1, Denis Tsygankov2

  • 1University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.

Current Topics in Membranes
|December 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Understanding cell membrane protrusions is key to cell biology. This chapter details methods to quantify protrusion dynamics and link cell shape changes to signaling pathways for a complete picture.

Keywords:
Actin cytoskeletonCell migrationFilopodiaLamellipodiaMembrane protrusion dynamics

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Measuring Cell-Edge Protrusion Dynamics during Spreading using Live-Cell Microscopy
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Measuring Cell-Edge Protrusion Dynamics during Spreading using Live-Cell Microscopy

Published on: November 1, 2021

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Protrusion Force Microscopy: A Method to Quantify Forces Developed by Cell Protrusions
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Membrane protrusions are essential for cellular functions like migration and phagocytosis.
  • Diverse protrusion types and morphologies correlate with distinct cellular functions and signaling pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present comprehensive approaches for analyzing cellular protrusions.
  • To correlate physical changes in cell morphology with underlying biochemical signaling processes.

Main Methods:

  • Quantification and characterization of protrusion types and velocities.
  • Mathematical modeling of cytoskeletal dynamics.
  • Protein engineering and biosensor design for dissecting signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • Detailed methodologies for analyzing membrane protrusion dynamics.
  • Integration of physical and biochemical approaches to study cell signaling.
  • Framework for understanding the regulation of protrusive activity.

Conclusions:

  • Combining morphological and signaling analyses provides a holistic view of membrane protrusion dynamics.
  • Advanced techniques are crucial for dissecting the complex mechanisms governing cell behavior.
  • This chapter offers a guide for cell biologists to investigate protrusion-mediated cellular processes.