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Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Digital Hybrid Model Preparation for Virtual Planning of Reconstructive Dentoalveolar Surgical Procedures
Published on: August 5, 2021
Three-dimensional Model Reconstruction: The Need for Standardization to Drive Tailored Surgery
Enrico Checcucci1, Pietro Piazza2, Salvatore Micali3
1Department of Surgery, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy; Department of Oncology, Division of Urology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Uro-technology and SoMe Working Group of the Young Academic Urologists, European Association of Urology, Arnhem, The Netherlands.
Three-dimensional virtual models offer significant clinical utility for surgical planning and training. Standardized construction methods are needed to integrate these models into routine practice for personalized patient treatment.
Area of Science:
- Medical Imaging
- Surgical Technology
- Computational Anatomy
Background:
- Three-dimensional (3D) virtual models are increasingly utilized in various clinical applications, including preoperative planning, patient education, surgical skill development, and real-time intraoperative guidance.
- The established benefits of 3D models span diverse medical specialties, highlighting their potential to enhance patient care and surgical outcomes.
Discussion:
- The widespread adoption of 3D virtual models in clinical settings is currently hindered by the lack of standardized methodologies for their creation.
- Establishing consistent protocols for 3D model construction is crucial for ensuring reliability, reproducibility, and seamless integration into daily medical workflows.
Key Insights:
- The clinical value of 3D virtual models is well-documented across multiple surgical and educational domains.
- A critical barrier to realizing the full potential of 3D models is the absence of standardized construction processes.
Outlook:
- Developing standardized methodologies for 3D virtual model construction is essential for their routine clinical implementation.
- Standardization will facilitate the widespread use of these models, ultimately supporting the advancement of individualized patient treatment strategies.

