Recent Advances in Design of Electrocatalysts for High-Current-Density Water Splitting

Electrochemical water splitting technology for producing "green hydrogen" is important for the global mission of carbon neutrality. Electrocatalysts with decent performance at high current densities play a central role in the industrial implementation of this technology. This field has advanced immensely in recent years, as witnessed by many types of catalysts designed and synthesized toward industriallyrelevant current densities (>200 mA cm^-2 ). By discussing recent advances in this field, several key aspects are summarized that affect the catalytic performance for high-current-density electrocatalysis, including dimensionality of catalysts, surface chemistry, electron transport path, morphology, and catalyst-electrolyte interplay. The multiscale design strategy that considers these aspects comprehensively for developing high-current-density electrocatalysts are highlighted. The perspectives on the future directions in this emerging field are also put forward.