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Inflammation

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Hypodermis

Hypodermis

The hypodermis (the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia) is present directly below the dermis. It connects the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles. It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish. The hypodermis consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Isolation, Characterization, and Purification of Macrophages from Tissues Affected by Obesity-related Inflammation

Isolation, Characterization, and Purification of Macrophages from Tissues Affected by Obesity-related Inflammation

Published on: April 3, 2017

Adipose tissue macrophages in aging-associated adipose tissue function.

Bangchao Lu¹, Liang Huang¹, Juan Cao¹

¹Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangshu, China.

The Journal of Physiological Sciences : JPS

|December 5, 2021

Summary

Aging involves chronic inflammation, known as inflammaging, linked to visceral fat and insulin resistance. Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) are elevated in aging and may drive these conditions, presenting potential therapeutic targets.

Keywords:

Adipose tissue macrophages Age Insulin resistance

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Published on: April 3, 2017

Characterization of Immune Cells in Human Adipose Tissue by Using Flow Cytometry

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Isolation of Viable Adipocytes and Stromal Vascular Fraction from Human Visceral Adipose Tissue Suitable for RNA Analysis and Macrophage Phenotyping

Isolation of Viable Adipocytes and Stromal Vascular Fraction from Human Visceral Adipose Tissue Suitable for RNA Analysis and Macrophage Phenotyping

Published on: October 27, 2020

Area of Science:

Gerontology and Immunology
Metabolic Disease Research

Background:

Aging is characterized by chronic, low-grade inflammation termed 'inflammaging'.
Both aging and obesity are linked to visceral adiposity and insulin resistance.
Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) are implicated in obesity-related inflammation and insulin resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent research on the role of ATMs in aging-associated insulin resistance.
To discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting ATMs for aging and related diseases.

Main Methods:

Literature review of current research on ATMs in aging.
Analysis of the functional changes and roles of ATMs during aging.

Main Results:

Macrophages are found in increased numbers within adipose tissue during aging.
The precise changes and functions of ATMs in aging and associated diseases require further elucidation.

Conclusions:

Understanding ATM dynamics in aging is crucial for addressing age-related metabolic dysfunction.
Targeting ATMs could offer novel therapeutic avenues for preventing and treating aging and its complications.