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Growth and development in monogenic forms of neonatal diabetes

Batoul Hammoud1, Siri Atma W Greeley

  • 1Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, and Kovler Diabetes Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity
|December 5, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a rare genetic disorder. This review highlights growth and neurodevelopmental challenges in infants with monogenic NDM, emphasizing the impact of insulin deficiency and gene mutations.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a rare condition diagnosed in infants under six months.
  • Monogenic causes account for 80-85% of NDM cases.
  • Insulin deficiency in utero can lead to intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes in individuals with various forms of monogenic NDM.
  • To summarize current knowledge on the impact of specific genetic causes on NDM patients.
  • To identify areas needing further research regarding long-term effects.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on neonatal diabetes mellitus.
  • Analysis of growth and neurodevelopmental data in relation to specific monogenic causes.
  • Synthesis of findings on the effects of insulin deficiency and gene mutations.

Main Results:

  • NDM patients frequently exhibit intrauterine growth restriction and/or low birth weight.
  • Specific monogenic NDM forms are linked to neurodevelopmental and growth problems.
  • Mutations in KATP channels, the most common NDM cause, can lead to neurological disability.

Conclusions:

  • Monogenic NDM involves variable in utero growth restriction due to insulin deficiency.
  • Many NDM forms present with neurodevelopmental disabilities linked to gene mutations affecting brain development.
  • Longitudinal studies are required to fully understand adult growth outcomes.
Abstract

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