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Related Concept Videos

The Phosphorus Cycle01:21

The Phosphorus Cycle

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Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, such as phosphate ions (PO43-), found in soil, water, sediment and rocks. Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient (i.e., in short supply). Consequently, phosphorus is added to most agricultural fertilizers, which can cause environmental problems related to runoff in aquatic ecosystems.
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Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...
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Phosphorylation01:02

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The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...
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Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

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Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
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Water and Mineral Acquisition02:34

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Specialized tissues in plant roots have evolved to capture water, minerals, and some ions from the soil. Roots exhibit a variety of branching patterns that facilitate this process. The outermost root cells have specialized structures called root hairs that increase the root surface, thus increasing soil contact. Water can passively cross into roots, as the concentration of water in the soil is higher than that of the root tissue. Minerals, in contrast, are actively transported into root cells.
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Most plants use the C3 pathway for carbon fixation. However, some plants, such as sugar cane, corn, and cacti that grow in hot conditions, use alternative pathways to fix carbon and conserve energy loss due to photorespiration. Photorespiration is the process that occurs when the oxygen concentration is high. Under such conditions, the rubisco enzyme in the Calvin cycle binds O2 instead of CO2, which halts photosynthesis and consumes energy.
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A Simple Protocol for Mapping the Plant Root System Architecture Traits
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Mechanisms for improving phosphorus utilization efficiency in plants.

Yang Han1, Philip J White2, Lingyun Cheng1

  • 1College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.

Annals of Botany
|December 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Improving crop phosphorus (P) utilization efficiency is key to sustainable agriculture. Developing crops that use P more effectively reduces fertilizer needs and environmental impact, boosting yields.

Keywords:
Phosphorusphosphorus distributionphosphorus poolsphosphorus recyclingphosphorus utilization efficiency

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Plant Physiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Phosphorus (P) limitation restricts plant productivity, necessitating high fertilizer inputs.
  • Increased P application often leads to reduced plant P efficiency and environmental P losses.
  • Sustainable agriculture requires strategies to mitigate these issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on plant phosphorus metabolism and transport.
  • To explore strategies for enhancing crop phosphorus utilization efficiency (PUE).
  • To identify mechanisms for breeding crops with improved PUE.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of P metabolism and transport research.
  • Analysis of strategies for improving P acquisition and utilization efficiency.
  • Synthesis of knowledge on cellular P partitioning and distribution.

Main Results:

  • Enhanced PUE can be achieved through optimized cellular P partitioning.
  • Effective P distribution between plant tissues maximizes growth and harvestable biomass.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for crop improvement.

Conclusions:

  • Developing crops with higher P utilization efficiency is a viable strategy.
  • This approach reduces P fertilizer requirements and environmental P losses.
  • Further research into P metabolism and transport will facilitate breeding efforts.