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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

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Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
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Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
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Peptic Ulcer Disease V: Surgical Management and Nursing Care01:25

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Psychosurgery

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Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

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Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Techniques of Sleeve Gastrectomy and Modified Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in Mice
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Bariatric/Metabolic Surgery.

Lidia Castagneto-Gissey1, James Casella-Mariolo2, Geltrude Mingrone3,4,5

  • 1Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology
|December 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Metabolic surgery, formerly bariatric surgery, rapidly improves obesity-related conditions like type 2 diabetes and hypertension. This review covers surgical and endoscopic approaches and new medications for weight management.

Keywords:
Bariatric surgeryEndoscopyLaparoscopyMetabolic surgeryMinimally invasive surgery

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Area of Science:

  • Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery
  • Obesity Medicine
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Obesity is a complex health issue requiring effective interventions.
  • Bariatric surgery, now termed metabolic surgery, demonstrates significant metabolic benefits.
  • Metabolic improvements often precede substantial weight loss.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of laparoscopic metabolic surgery on life expectancy.
  • To examine the effects on type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.
  • To discuss endoscopic approaches for obesity and post-bariatric surgery weight regain.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of metabolic and bariatric surgery outcomes.
  • Analysis of surgical endoscopy techniques for primary and revision obesity procedures.
  • Summary of emerging anti-obesity medications' effects on weight reduction.

Main Results:

  • Laparoscopic metabolic surgery positively influences life expectancy and comorbidities.
  • Significant improvements observed in type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular health.
  • Endoscopic procedures offer alternatives for primary treatment and managing weight regain.

Conclusions:

  • Metabolic surgery offers profound benefits beyond weight loss, impacting overall health and longevity.
  • Surgical and endoscopic interventions are crucial for managing severe obesity and its associated diseases.
  • Emerging pharmacotherapies complement surgical options for comprehensive obesity management.