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Updated: Oct 11, 2025
A Standardized Method for the Analysis of Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells and Their Fenestrations by Scanning Electron Microscopy
Published on: April 30, 2015
[Review on diagnostic criteria of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome]
1Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China.
Insights
Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS) is a serious liver vascular disease. Early diagnosis using criteria like Modified Seattle, Baltimore, and Nanjing is crucial for timely treatment and improving patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Hepatology
- Vascular Biology
- Clinical Diagnostics
Background:
- Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS) is a severe hepatic vascular disease.
- It involves damage to liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and veins, leading to obstruction, injury, and portal hypertension.
- Severe cases have high mortality rates (70-80%), necessitating prompt identification and treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current clinical diagnostic criteria for HSOS.
- To analyze the characteristics, applicability, and limitations of these criteria.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of diagnostic criteria for HSOS.
- Comparative analysis of Modified Seattle, Baltimore, and Nanjing Criteria.
Main Results:
- The paper details the Modified Seattle and Baltimore Criteria, alongside the Nanjing Criteria.
- Each criterion's strengths and weaknesses in diagnosing HSOS are discussed.
Conclusions:
- Accurate and timely diagnosis of HSOS is critical due to its potential severity and high mortality.
- Understanding the nuances of different diagnostic criteria aids in effective clinical management.
Abstract:
Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS) is a kind of hepatic vascular disease which is characterized by damage to hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells, centrilobular hepatic vein and/or interlobular vein, resulting in stenosis or lumen occlusion, hepatic injury and acute sinusoidal portal hypertension. Generally, most patients with HSOS have mild manifestations, but in severely ill patients, the disease can lead to multiple organ dysfunction/failure, and the mortality rate can be as high as 70%-80%. Therefore, it is important to identify and treat HSOS as soon as possible. This paper introduces the current clinical diagnostic criteria of HSOS, including the Modified Seattle and Baltimore Criteria along with "Nanjing Criteria", and reviews their characteristics, scope of application and limitations.
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