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Describing acid-base balance using three different methods of analysis in a feline acute haemorrhage-resuscitation
Gareth E Zeiler1, Andrea Fuller2, Peter Kamerman2
1Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Anaesthesia and Critical Care Services, Valley Farm Animal Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa; Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Objective:
To describe acid-base status using the Henderson-Hasselbalch, Stewart and semi-quantitative methods of analysis in a feline haemorrhage-resuscitation model.
Study Design:
Randomized crossover study.
Animals:
A total of six domestic cats (mean age, 21 months; weight, 4.9 kg).
Methods:
Venous blood samples were taken before haemorrhage, after haemorrhage at 30 minute intervals during fluid resuscitation and at 24 hours. The cats were anaesthetized and underwent following treatments: no purposeful haemorrhage and resuscitation (NoPHR), purposeful haemorrhage followed by either lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) or 6% tetrastarch 130/0.4 (Voluven) for resuscitation. LRS and Voluven were administered at 60 and 20 mL kg-1 hour-1, respectively, for 120 minutes. Variables used for the analysis methods were measured or calculated from the blood samples and then compared among treatments over time using a general linear mixed model (p < 0.05; data reported as mean and standard deviation).
Results:
The total blood loss at 120 minutes was 10.2 ± 2.3, 29.3 ± 9.0 and 29.1 ± 6.3 mL kg-1 for NoPHR, LRS and Voluven, respectively. Total volumes of LRS and Voluven administered were 120 and 40 mL kg-1, respectively. All cats became acidaemic during anaesthesia regardless of treatment. The Henderson-Hasselbalch method indicated that anaesthetized cats undergoing severe haemorrhage and resuscitation manifest a mixed acidosis. The Stewart method indicated two counter metabolic processes that contributed to the overall pH-decrease in apparent strong ion difference (acidosis) and decrease in total weak acids (alkalosis). The semi-quantitative method identified the free water and chloride effects as variables causing acidosis and the albumin effect causing alkalosis.
Conclusions And Clinical Relevance:
In an experimental haemorrhage and resuscitation model in cats, blood pH was similar among treatments over time regardless of severe haemorrhage and resuscitation with LRS or Voluven or mild haemorrhage and no resuscitation.
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