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Developing global guidance on human milk banking.

Mirriam Tyebally Fang1, Efstratios Chatzixiros2, Laurence Grummer-Strawn3

  • 1Institute of Biomedical Ethics and History of Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 30, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Donor human milk offers significant benefits when mother's own milk is unavailable. However, the lack of global standards for human milk banking hinders its safe and ethical use, necessitating further research and policy development.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal nutrition
  • Public health
  • Lactation support

Background:

  • Donor human milk (DHM) is recommended by the World Health Organization for infants lacking maternal milk and to support breastfeeding.
  • Human milk banking is expanding globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, to manage DHM collection and distribution.
  • Unlike other human-derived medical products, DHM lacks established global quality, safety, and ethical standards, and a coordinating body for national policies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify key challenges impeding progress in human milk banking.
  • To highlight the absence of minimum standards for DHM quality, safety, and ethics.
  • To advocate for research and policy development in human milk banking.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current practices and challenges in human milk banking.
  • Identification of regulatory, quality, safety, and ethical issues.
  • Analysis of the need for evidence-based guidance and policy.

Main Results:

  • Key impediments to human milk banking include undefined products, lack of registries, regulatory gaps, and ethical concerns (commercialization, exploitation).
  • There is a significant lack of comparable evidence to guide human milk banking practices.
  • Progress is limited by the absence of minimum quality, safety, and ethical standards.

Conclusions:

  • Urgent need for standardized quality, safety, and ethical guidelines for donor human milk banking.
  • Further research is essential to address knowledge gaps and provide evidence-based recommendations.
  • Optimal support for mothers to provide their own breastmilk and establish breastfeeding remains a priority.