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Related Concept Videos

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
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Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

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Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
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Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
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Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
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Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
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A Methodological Approach to Non-invasive Assessments of Vascular Function and Morphology
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Subclinical Vascular Damage: Current Insights and Future Potential.

Anna Vittoria Mattioli1, Francesca Coppi2, Antonio Manenti1

  • 1Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.

Vascular Health and Risk Management
|December 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cardiovascular risk assessment and prevention are dynamic throughout life. This review examines cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in asymptomatic atherosclerosis, highlighting sex-specific factors and lifestyle impacts.

Keywords:
lifestylemicrobiotapandemicpreventionrisk factorswomen

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Preventive Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cardiovascular risk and prevention strategies evolve throughout a person's life.
  • Aging and comorbidities dynamically alter individual cardiovascular risk.
  • Lifestyle significantly impacts traditional cardiovascular risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prevention in asymptomatic atherosclerosis.
  • To examine emerging risk factors and sex-specific differences in CVD risk.
  • To analyze the impact of the recent pandemic on lifestyle and cardiovascular risk.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of existing literature.
  • Analysis of cardiovascular risk factors across the lifespan.
  • Focus on primary prevention through lifestyle modification.

Main Results:

  • Cardiovascular risk is dynamic, necessitating personalized, early diagnostic and preventive actions.
  • Emerging evidence shows significant sex-based differences in cardiovascular risk factors, with women often underestimated.
  • Lifestyle interventions are crucial for primary prevention of asymptomatic vascular disease.

Conclusions:

  • Lifelong, personalized cardiovascular risk assessment and prevention are essential.
  • Addressing sex-specific risk factors and improving prevention for women is critical.
  • The long-term cardiovascular impact of pandemic-related lifestyle changes requires further investigation.