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Working Memory

Working Memory

Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 11, 2025

A Semantic Priming Event-related Potential ERP Task to Study Lexico-semantic and Visuo-semantic Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Individual Differences in Working Memory Capacity Modulate Electrophysiological Correlates of Semantic Negative

Montserrat Megías¹, Juan J Ortells^1,2, Isabel Carmona^1,2

¹Department of Psychology, University of Almería, Almería, Spain.

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience

|December 6, 2021

Summary

Individual differences in working memory capacity (WMC) impact semantic negative priming (NP). Higher WMC shows behavioral and neural priming effects, especially with delayed masking, demonstrating WMC

Keywords:

N400 ERP component event-related potentials individual differences in working memory capacity late positive complex semantic negative priming

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Neuroscience
Psychology

Background:

Semantic negative priming (NP) reveals how word meaning influences processing.
Working memory capacity (WMC) is crucial for cognitive control and attention.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how individual differences in WMC affect semantic NP.
To examine the electrophysiological correlates (event-related potentials, ERPs) of semantic NP in relation to WMC.

Main Methods:

Participants with high and low WMC performed a semantic NP task with immediate or delayed masking.
Event-related potentials (ERPs), including N400 and Late Positive Component (LPC), were recorded.

Main Results:

Behavioral NP occurred in delayed masking for high-WMC individuals only.
ERP results showed N400 modulation regardless of WMC with immediate masking.
LPC attenuation was observed in high-WMC individuals with delayed masking and behavioral NP.

Conclusions:

Individual differences in WMC significantly modulate behavioral and neural measures of semantic NP.
WMC influences the ability to consciously identify and process ignored primes, affecting subsequent semantic priming.