Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 11, 2025

A Method to Quantify Visual Information Processing in Children Using Eye Tracking
09:47

A Method to Quantify Visual Information Processing in Children Using Eye Tracking

Published on: July 9, 2016

17.7K

Higher Visual Function Deficits in Children With Cerebral Visual Impairment and Good Visual Acuity

Arvind Chandna1,2, Saeideh Ghahghaei1, Susan Foster2

  • 1The Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
|December 6, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI) in children with good vision can be identified using the Higher Visual Function Question Inventory (HVFQI-51). This tool detects higher visual function deficits (HVFDs) and distinguishes CVI from typical development.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

  • Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI) is often diagnosed through observed behavioral deficits, despite normal visual acuity.
  • Higher Visual Function Deficits (HVFDs) in CVI can be missed due to unimpaired visual acuity, leading to underdiagnosis and lack of understanding of visual perceptual difficulties.
  • Accurate identification of HVFDs is crucial for understanding and managing CVI in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the spectrum of HVFDs in children with CVI compared to typically developing children using a structured questionnaire.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of the Higher Visual Function Question Inventory (HVFQI-51) in detecting HVFDs in children with CVI.
  • To identify a potential screening tool for HVFDs in children with CVI.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study administered the 51-question Higher Visual Function Question Inventory (HVFQI-51) to children with a history suggestive of brain damage and a CVI diagnosis, and to typically developing children.
  • The study analyzed the spectrum of HVFDs, including the impact of an 'not applicable' response option.
  • A subset of 11 questions (Top-11) was proposed as a potential screening tool.

Main Results:

  • The HVFQI-51 effectively detected a range of HVFDs in children with CVI, even those with good visual acuity, and clearly distinguished them from typically developing children.
  • HVFDs in the study group were predominantly linked to dorsal stream visual processing dysfunction, with individual variations observed.
  • The inclusion of the 'not applicable' response provided a more accurate representation of each child's overall disability.

Conclusions:

  • The HVFQI-51 is a valuable tool for identifying HVFDs in children with CVI and differentiating them from typical development.
  • The proposed Top-11 subset shows potential as a screening tool for initial assessment of HVFDs and measuring CVI-related impairment, requiring further validation.
  • Understanding HVFDs is essential for comprehensive CVI diagnosis and management.

Keywords:
cerebral visual impairment (CVI)childrengood visual acuityhigher visual function deficitslow visionquestionnairescreeningstructured question inventory

More Related Videos

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss07:12

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

591
Author Spotlight: An Automated Method for Assessing Visual Acuity in Infants and Toddlers Using an Eye-Tracking System05:10

Author Spotlight: An Automated Method for Assessing Visual Acuity in Infants and Toddlers Using an Eye-Tracking System

Published on: March 17, 2023

3.3K

Related Concept Videos

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
6.7K
Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round...
441
Visual System01:26

Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
870
Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
56.1K
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
7.8K