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Pulmonary function in Pi M and MZ grainworkers.

S L Horne, R K Tennent, D W Cockcroft

    Chest
    |June 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Men with the Pi MZ phenotype exposed to grain dust showed poorer lung function. This suggests Pi MZ individuals may face a higher risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) when combined with occupational exposures.

    Area of Science:

    • Occupational Health
    • Pulmonary Medicine
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is a genetic condition that can increase the risk of lung disease.
    • The Pi M and Pi MZ phenotypes represent different genetic variations of AAT.
    • Grain dust exposure is a known occupational hazard with potential respiratory effects.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the respiratory health of grainworkers with the Pi MZ phenotype compared to those with the Pi M phenotype.
    • To assess the impact of occupational grain dust exposure on lung function in individuals with different AAT phenotypes.

    Main Methods:

    • Case-matched study involving 28 Pi MZ and Pi M grainworkers in Saskatchewan.
    • Data collection included questionnaires, chest roentgenograms, skin tests, and pulmonary function tests.

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  • Participants were matched for age, employment history, and smoking status.

    • Main Results:

    • No significant differences in symptom prevalence or atopy between the Pi MZ and Pi M groups.
    • The Pi MZ group showed a higher, though not statistically significant, prevalence of abnormal chest roentgenograms suggestive of COPD.
    • Pi MZ grainworkers exhibited significantly poorer mean pulmonary function test results, including lower FEV1, FVC, MMFR, and Vmax50.

    Conclusions:

    • Individuals with the Pi MZ phenotype may be at an increased risk for developing COPD.
    • Occupational exposures, such as grain dust, may act as a critical risk factor exacerbating the genetic predisposition to COPD in Pi MZ individuals.