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Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Hormonal Regulation01:33

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The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
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Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease01:27

Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease

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Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
A key area of focus in PNI is the relationship between stress and coronary...
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Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
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Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

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Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Author Spotlight: Modeling an Aspect of Preeclampsia in Female Mice Using Hypoxic Human Placenta-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles
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Author Spotlight: Modeling an Aspect of Preeclampsia in Female Mice Using Hypoxic Human Placenta-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles

Published on: January 26, 2024

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COVID-19, Pre-Eclampsia, and Complement System.

Chiara Agostinis1, Alessandro Mangogna1, Andrea Balduit2

  • 1Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy.

Frontiers in Immunology
|December 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

COVID-19 infection in pregnant women can lead to pre-eclampsia by damaging endothelial cells and activating the complement system. Complement inhibitors show promise for treating both COVID-19 and pre-eclampsia.

Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-CoV-2complement systempre-eclampsiapregnancy

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Obstetrics
  • Virology

Background:

  • COVID-19 causes multi-organ failure, endothelial cell injury, and thrombotic events.
  • The complement system interacts with contact and coagulation systems, worsening SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes.
  • Overlapping immunopathological mechanisms exist between COVID-19 and pre-eclampsia (PE).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of the complement, contact, and coagulation systems in SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy.
  • To explore the link between COVID-19 infection and the development of pre-eclampsia.
  • To examine potential therapeutic strategies targeting these systems.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on COVID-19, pre-eclampsia, and related immune/coagulation pathways.
  • Analysis of the cross-talk between complement, contact, coagulation, and endothelial cell activation in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Examination of the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on endothelial cells via ACE2 and TMPRSS2.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 infection can dysregulate endothelial cells, leading to dysfunction, vascular damage, hyperinflammation, and hypercoagulability.
  • Increased bradykinin levels due to ACE2 inhibition by SARS-CoV-2 exacerbate endothelial dysfunction.
  • Complement system dysregulation in pregnancy can result in PE-like syndromes following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Conclusions:

  • Pregnant women with COVID-19 are at increased risk for pre-eclampsia due to overlapping pathological pathways.
  • Complement inhibitors, particularly those targeting C3 or MASP-2, represent promising therapeutic options for COVID-19 and associated pre-eclampsia.
  • Understanding these interconnected systems is crucial for managing pregnant patients with COVID-19.