Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

15.3K
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
15.3K
Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

7.8K
Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
7.8K
Mitochondrial Protein Sorting01:39

Mitochondrial Protein Sorting

4.6K
Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles of the eukaryotes involved in cellular metabolism, signaling, ATP synthesis, and programmed cell death.  Each of these processes requires specific proteins and enzymes that must be correctly sorted to the right mitochondrial subcompartment for the proper functioning of the organelle.
Most of these mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nucleus and imported to the mitochondria as unfolded or loosely folded precursors. Mitochondrial precursors...
4.6K
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

15.6K
Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
15.6K
Energy to Drive Translocation01:37

Energy to Drive Translocation

2.2K
Mitochondrial protein import is powered by two distinct energy sources: ATP hydrolysis and electrochemical potential across the inner membrane. Newly synthesized precursors are bound by cytosolic chaperones of the Hsp70 family, which guide them to the import receptors on the mitochondrial surface. Utilizing the energy of ATP hydrolysis, Hsp70 chaperones transfer these precursors to the TOM receptors on the mitochondrial outer membrane.
Generally, polypeptides are unfolded by two distinct...
2.2K
Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins01:39

Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins

2.7K
Mitochondrial precursors are partially unfolded or loosely folded polypeptide chains. Newly synthesized precursors are inhibited from spontaneously folding into their native conformation by the cytosolic chaperones, heat shock proteins 70 (Hsp70), and mitochondrial import stimulation factors (MSFs). Precursors bound to MSFs are guided to the TOM70-TOM37 receptors, while precursors bound to Hsp70  chaperones are targetted to TOM20-TOM22 receptor complexes.
Most of the mitochondrial...
2.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Early Prediction Model for Etoposide-Based Protocols Resistance in Pediatric HLH.

Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics·2026
Same author

Corrigendum to "Regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic targeting of metastatic tumor dormancy in colorectal cancer: A comprehensive review" [Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. 213 (2025) 104822].

Critical reviews in oncology/hematology·2026
Same author

Complex Chronic Conditions in the PICU: Single-Center Retrospective Study in Central-Southern China, 2020-2025.

Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies·2026
Same author

CD70 drives cSCC growth by linking DNA damage response, inflammation, and tumor-stromal signaling.

Cell death & disease·2026
Same author

EBV DNA load and cytokines guide risk-stratified treatment in pediatric EBV-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

Virology journal·2026
Same author

Development and Validation of a LASSO-Logistic Regression Model for Predicting Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Pediatric Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis.

Shock (Augusta, Ga.)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Author Spotlight: Transmitochondrial Cybrid Generation Using Cancer Cell Lines
07:49

Author Spotlight: Transmitochondrial Cybrid Generation Using Cancer Cell Lines

Published on: March 17, 2023

2.7K

Mitochondria-Shaping Proteins and Chemotherapy.

Longlong Xie1,2,3, Tiansheng Zhou1, Yujun Xie1

  • 1Hunan Children's Hospital, The Pediatric Academy of University of South China, Changsha, China.

Frontiers in Oncology
|December 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Mitochondrial dynamics, involving fission and fusion, are crucial in cancer development and treatment response. Targeting mitochondria-shaping proteins offers a new strategy for overcoming chemotherapy resistance in cancers.

Keywords:
Mitochondria-shaping proteinschemotherapyenergy metabolismtargeted drugsvirus

More Related Videos

An Automated Differential Nuclear Staining Assay for Accurate Determination of Mitocan Cytotoxicity
07:58

An Automated Differential Nuclear Staining Assay for Accurate Determination of Mitocan Cytotoxicity

Published on: May 12, 2020

7.1K
Author Spotlight: A Three-Dimensional Technique for the Visualization of Mitochondrial Ultrastructural Changes in Pancreatic Cancer Cells
08:46

Author Spotlight: A Three-Dimensional Technique for the Visualization of Mitochondrial Ultrastructural Changes in Pancreatic Cancer Cells

Published on: June 23, 2023

1.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Author Spotlight: Transmitochondrial Cybrid Generation Using Cancer Cell Lines
07:49

Author Spotlight: Transmitochondrial Cybrid Generation Using Cancer Cell Lines

Published on: March 17, 2023

2.7K
An Automated Differential Nuclear Staining Assay for Accurate Determination of Mitocan Cytotoxicity
07:58

An Automated Differential Nuclear Staining Assay for Accurate Determination of Mitocan Cytotoxicity

Published on: May 12, 2020

7.1K
Author Spotlight: A Three-Dimensional Technique for the Visualization of Mitochondrial Ultrastructural Changes in Pancreatic Cancer Cells
08:46

Author Spotlight: A Three-Dimensional Technique for the Visualization of Mitochondrial Ultrastructural Changes in Pancreatic Cancer Cells

Published on: June 23, 2023

1.8K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Mitochondria play a critical role in human tumorigenesis and response to therapies.
  • Mitochondrial dynamics, primarily fission and fusion, are increasingly recognized as significant factors in cancer.
  • Imbalances in mitochondrial dynamics contribute to tumor cell heterogeneity and resistance to chemotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the alterations in mitochondrial dynamics during chemotherapy.
  • To explore the antitumor mechanisms of chemotherapy drugs in synergy with mitochondria-shaping proteins.
  • To identify potential new biomarkers for predicting cancer chemosensitivity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on mitochondrial dynamics and cancer therapy.
  • Analysis of the role of mitochondria-shaping proteins in chemotherapy resistance.
  • Synthesis of information on antitumor mechanisms involving mitochondria and chemotherapy.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondrial dynamics are significantly altered in cancer cells undergoing chemotherapy.
  • Mitochondria-shaping proteins are implicated in the adaptive and acquired resistance to chemotherapeutic agents.
  • Targeting these proteins presents a potential strategy to enhance chemotherapy efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial dynamics are key determinants of cancer cell response to chemotherapy.
  • Modulating mitochondria-shaping proteins could overcome drug resistance.
  • Further research may lead to novel biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for resistant cancers.