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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

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Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
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Urine Studies I: Urinalysis01:29

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Urinalysis is a widely used diagnostic test that analyzes urine's physical, chemical, and microscopic characteristics. Healthcare providers use it to detect and monitor various health conditions, including renal disease, urinary tract infections (UTIs), diabetes, and metabolic or systemic disorders.Components of UrinalysisUrinalysis consists of three primary components: physical, chemical, and microscopic examination. Each provides unique insights into the urine sample and, by extension, the...
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Necrosis01:16

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Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
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Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
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Cell-Free DNA Integrity Analysis in Urine Samples
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Regulated Cell Death in Urinary Malignancies.

Zhenyu Nie1, Mei Chen1, Yuanhui Gao1

  • 1Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|December 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Regulatory cell death (RCD) pathways like necroptosis and pyroptosis are crucial in urinary cancers. Targeting these RCDs offers new therapeutic strategies for kidney, bladder, and prostate tumors.

Keywords:
ferroptosisnecroptosisneutrophil extracellular trapspyroptosisurinary malignancies

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology
  • Urology

Background:

  • Urinary malignancies, including kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers, have high recurrence and metastasis rates despite current treatments.
  • Regulatory cell death (RCD) pathways are increasingly recognized for their role in the pathogenesis and progression of these cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of specific RCD pathways in urinary system tumors.
  • To explore the potential of targeting RCD for improved cancer treatment outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs).
  • Analysis of signaling molecules like caspases and TNF-α in the context of urinary cancer.
  • Summarization of current research and achievements in RCD-based therapies for urinary malignancies.

Main Results:

  • Necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and NETs significantly influence urinary cancer progression and therapeutic sensitivity.
  • These RCD pathways involve key signaling molecules affecting tumor cell proliferation and survival.
  • Current research highlights the impact of these RCD modes on kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers.

Conclusions:

  • RCD pathways are pivotal in the development and treatment of urinary malignancies.
  • Targeting RCD presents a promising avenue for enhancing the efficacy of treatments for kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers.
  • Further research into RCD therapies could lead to improved patient outcomes in urinary system tumors.