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Related Concept Videos

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

884
Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Corneal Tissue Engineering: An In Vitro Model of the Stromal-nerve Interactions of the Human Cornea
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Artificial Cornea: Past, Current, and Future Directions.

Gráinne Holland1, Abhay Pandit2, Laura Sánchez-Abella3

  • 1School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.

Frontiers in Medicine
|December 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Corneal diseases cause blindness, and donor corneas are scarce. This review explores artificial corneas, from early designs to advanced bioengineering, aiming to overcome keratoplasty limitations.

Keywords:
AlphaCor™Boston type-1 keratoprosthesesartificial corneabio-mimetic corneabiointegrationblindnesskeratoprosthesisosteo-odonto-keratoprostheses

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Corneal diseases are a major cause of blindness globally, affecting millions.
  • Corneal transplantation (keratoplasty) faces challenges with high-risk patients and donor cornea shortages.
  • Existing artificial corneas have limitations, including complications and the need for donor tissue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the limitations of traditional corneal transplantation.
  • To trace the historical development of artificial corneas.
  • To discuss current advancements and future directions in artificial cornea research and bioengineering.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of corneal diseases, keratoplasty outcomes, and artificial cornea development.
  • Analysis of historical and current artificial corneal designs, including keratoprostheses and synthetic materials.
  • Exploration of emerging bioengineering approaches like biomolecule incorporation and 3D bioprinting.

Main Results:

  • Keratoplasty is successful for low-risk patients but fails in high-risk cases.
  • Early artificial corneas and synthetic materials like AlphaCor™ had complications such as stromal melting.
  • Current research focuses on biomimetic approaches using collagen and decellularized tissues for enhanced biointegration.

Conclusions:

  • There is a critical need for effective alternatives to donor corneas due to supply limitations.
  • Advancements in biomaterials and bioengineering are paving the way for next-generation artificial corneas.
  • Future artificial corneas aim to improve biointegration, reduce complications, and restore vision more effectively.