Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplementation Increases High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol Efflux Capacity and Is...

Area of Science:

• Nutritional science
• Biochemistry
• Pediatric health

Background:

• Prenatal plus postnatal small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNS) demonstrated improved child growth in the DYAD trial.
• High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) is a key marker of cardiovascular health.
• Understanding the impact of nutritional interventions on HDL function is crucial for child development.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the effect of SQ-LNS versus iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation on HDL CEC in children at 18 months.
• To investigate the impact of SQ-LNS on the lipidomic, proteomic, and glycoproteomic composition of HDL particles.
• To explore potential correlations between HDL composition, CEC, and nutritional intervention.

Main Methods:

• Secondary outcome analysis of the DYAD trial involving 80 children at 18 months of age.
• Measurement of HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) between SQ-LNS and IFA groups.
• Analysis of HDL lipidomic, proteomic, and glycoproteomic profiles using advanced techniques.

Main Results:

• Children receiving SQ-LNS showed significantly higher HDL CEC compared to the IFA group (20.9% vs 19.4%, p=0.038).
• No significant differences were observed in HDL lipidomic or proteomic composition between the intervention groups.
• While 12 glycopeptides were altered, none remained significant after multiple testing correction; however, exploratory analyses revealed associations with HDL proteins and CEC.

Conclusions:

• Prenatal plus postnatal SQ-LNS supplementation may enhance HDL particle CEC in children.
• SQ-LNS might modify HDL protein glycoprofiles, suggesting a potential mechanism for improved cardiovascular health outcomes.
• These findings highlight the potential of SQ-LNS in optimizing child health through improved lipoprotein function.