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Updated: Oct 11, 2025

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Directional Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Based on Step-Wise Asymmetric Conductive Networks.

Bai Xue1,2, Yi Li1, Ziling Cheng1

  • 1Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China.

Nano-Micro Letters
|December 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary

New directional electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials were developed using nickel-coated melamine foam and carbon nanotube papers. These composites offer superior protection against electromagnetic waves from specific directions.

Keywords:
Directional electromagnetic interference shieldingElectrical conductivitySolution encapsulationStep-wise asymmetryVacuum-assisted self-assembly

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Electromagnetics

Background:

  • Precision electronics require shielding from electromagnetic (EM) waves.
  • Directional electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials are needed but lack comprehensive literature.
  • Existing materials often lack directional control over EMI shielding effectiveness (SE).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel composite materials with directional EMI shielding properties.
  • To investigate the relationship between asymmetric structure and EMI shielding performance.
  • To explore applications in portable electronics and advanced communication systems.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of nickel-coated melamine foams (Ni@MF) via electroless plating.
  • Preparation of multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNT) papers using vacuum-assisted self-assembly.
  • Creation of step-wise asymmetric poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) composites (Ni@MF/CNT/PBAT) through solution encapsulation.

Main Results:

  • The Ni@MF/CNT/PBAT composites exhibited significant directional EMI shielding.
  • Ni@MF-5/CNT-75/PBAT showed a total EMI SE (SE_T) of 38.3 dB when EM waves were incident from the Ni@MF layer.
  • An SE_T of 29.5 dB was recorded for incidence from the CNT layer, resulting in a directional difference (ΔSE_T) of 8.8 dB.

Conclusions:

  • Step-wise asymmetric structures and electrical conductivity are key to achieving directional EMI shielding.
  • The developed Ni@MF/CNT/PBAT composites demonstrate unprecedented directional EMI shielding capabilities.
  • This research opens new avenues for directional EMI shielding composites in advanced electronic applications.