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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

352
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
352
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

582
Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
582
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

663
Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
663
Antiepileptic Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers01:17

Antiepileptic Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers

736
Calcium channel blockers, a class of antiepileptic drugs, regulate the flow of calcium ions within neurons.
Calcium channel blockers exert their antiepileptic effects by targeting T-type calcium channels, which are integral to transmitting nerve signals in the central nervous system. These channels allow the passage of calcium ions, which are vital for neuronal communication. By inhibiting T-type calcium channels, calcium channel blockers effectively reduce the release of neurotransmitters and...
736
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

783
γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for...
783
Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

338
Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
338

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Assessment of Memory Function in Pilocarpine-induced Epileptic Mice
13:34

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[Alzheimer disease and epilepsy].

A M Teplyshova1, V K Datieva2

  • 1Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia.

Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova
|December 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Alzheimer disease (AD) patients have a higher risk of epileptic seizures (ES). Research shows a link between AD and ES pathogenesis, with some treatments potentially improving cognition.

Keywords:
Alzheimer diseaseantiepileptic treatmentepilepsyseizures

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder impacting memory, cognition, and behavior.
  • Patients with AD exhibit a significantly increased risk of developing epileptic seizures (ES).
  • Existing research indicates a strong correlation between the pathogenesis of ES and AD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the intricate relationship between Alzheimer disease and epileptic seizures.
  • To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of ES in AD patients.
  • To examine the unique aspects of antiepileptic therapy in the context of AD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of animal and human studies investigating the link between AD and ES.
  • Analysis of diagnostic challenges in detecting ES in cognitively impaired AD patients.
  • Examination of different EP types in sporadic and hereditary AD forms.

Main Results:

  • A significant association between AD and an increased incidence of ES is established.
  • Methodological challenges complicate the precise determination of ES prevalence in AD.
  • Variations in ES types are observed between sporadic and hereditary forms of AD.

Conclusions:

  • The co-occurrence of AD and ES is clinically significant, necessitating further research.
  • Understanding the specific challenges in diagnosing ES in AD is crucial for effective management.
  • Antiepileptic drug selection in AD patients requires careful consideration due to potential cognitive effects.