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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this...
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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Updated: Oct 11, 2025

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Genome-scale CRISPR screen identifies TMEM41B as a multi-function host factor required for coronavirus replication.

Limeng Sun1,2, Changzhi Zhao3, Zhen Fu1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China.

Plos Pathogens
|December 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transmembrane protein 41B (TMEM41B) is essential for coronavirus replication, including viral entry and the formation of replication organelles. Targeting TMEM41B shows promise for developing broad-spectrum antiviral therapies against emerging coronaviruses.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Emerging coronaviruses (CoVs) present a significant global health threat.
  • Identifying host factors essential for CoV infection is crucial for therapeutic development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify host factors required for coronavirus infection using a genome-scale CRISPR knockout screen.
  • To investigate the role of Transmembrane protein 41B (TMEM41B) in CoV replication.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-scale CRISPR knockout screening using transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) as a model alpha-CoV.
  • Assessing viral internalization, early-stage replication, and double-membrane vesicle formation in TMEM41B-deficient cells.
  • Evaluating the efficacy of TMEM41B knockout in a mouse model of CoV infection.

Main Results:

  • Transmembrane protein 41B (TMEM41B) was identified as a critical host factor for CoV infection.
  • TMEM41B is essential for TGEV internalization and early replication.
  • Cells lacking TMEM41B cannot form double-membrane vesicles required for CoV replication.
  • TMEM41B knockout significantly inhibited viral infection and disease progression in a mouse model.

Conclusions:

  • TMEM41B is a key host factor supporting CoV replication organelle formation and viral propagation.
  • Targeting TMEM41B represents a promising strategy for developing broad-spectrum antiviral therapeutics against coronaviruses.