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Many heads are more utilitarian than one.

Anita Keshmirian1, Ophelia Deroy2, Bahador Bahrami3

  • 1Graduate School for Neuroscience, Ludwig-Maximillian's-University, Munich, Germany; Faculty of Philosophy, Ludwig-Maximilian's University, Munich, Germany.

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|December 6, 2021
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Summary

Group discussions make moral judgments more utilitarian by reducing stress. Collective decision-making in moral dilemmas shows a shift towards greater good outcomes.

Keywords:
Bayesian mixed effect modelsCollective moral judgmentsGroup moral decisionsLogistic mixed effect modelMoral conformityMoral dilemmasMoral influenceOpen ScienceOpen dataSocial deliberation

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Moral Psychology
  • Group Dynamics

Background:

  • Moral judgments are inherently social, yet psychological studies often overlook social interaction's impact.
  • Previous research has not fully explored how group deliberation influences moral decision-making.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of social interaction on moral judgments within small groups.
  • To determine if group deliberation leads to more utilitarian moral decisions.

Main Methods:

  • Participants judged moral dilemmas individually, then collectively in groups (4-5 people), and individually again.
  • Experiments involved both real-life and sacrificial dilemmas, assessing utilitarian acceptability.
  • Experiment 2 measured state anxiety alongside moral judgments during online interactions.

Main Results:

  • Collective judgments were significantly more utilitarian than individual judgments, both before and after group interaction.
  • Group deliberation in face-to-face and online settings increased utilitarian moral judgments.
  • State anxiety levels decreased during and after social interaction in collective settings.

Conclusions:

  • Social interaction and group deliberation transiently reduce the emotional burden associated with norm violations.
  • The observed 'utilitarian boost' in collective moral judgments is likely linked to reduced stress in social settings.
  • Group dynamics play a crucial role in shaping moral decision-making, promoting more utilitarian outcomes.